外语学习策略
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英语四级考试阅读解题技巧
一.词语理解题
此类题要求考生通过对文章的理解体会个别词语、语句在本文中的具体含义。常见问题的句型有：
1.The word / expression …most probably means / stands for / refers to _____.
2.The word …can be best replaced by _______.
3.From the passage we can infer that the word …means ______.
4.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word?
5.The word “…”(line…) means…
6.The expression (word) in line “…” probably means…
7.The author uses the expression (word, phrase, term) to describe…
v注意：1. 某些简单的词在文中的意思肯定不同于它的本意。而应当根据上下文来猜测词义。
2. 应在这个词语在文中出现的位置附近去找线索和提示。
常见提示词语：or, in other words, that is to say, which is, like, such as, for example, for instance, meaning, 破折号, 构词法等。
二. 事实细节题
此类题是考查考生对文章细节的理解并就某一具体问题从文中很快找到可以回答此题的相关信息。常见问题句型有：
1.According to the passage, … because _______.
2.According to the author, the reason why … is that ______.
3.Which of the following statements is true?
4.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
5.The following statements are true except ________.
6.Which of the following statements is not the reason for ____?
7.Which of the following statements is best supported by the passage?
8.According to the passage, what is true about…?
9.Where in the passage does the author mention…?
建议：大致阅读文章的每个段落的第一句，可以了解本文的主要内容，并判断每个段落讲的是某个内容的哪一个具体。抓住题干中的关键词，回到原文找答案。
三. 主旨归纳题
此类题要求考生对全文中心大意或某一段落中心大意的理解和归纳，防止考生过于注重细节，而忽略了文章的整体性。此类题常见问题句型有：
1.The main idea of the passage is _____.
2.The passage mainly tells us / is mainly about ______.
3.The first / second / third paragraph is mainly about ______.
4.The best title for this passage is _______.
5.Which of the following statements best expresses / sums up the main idea of the passage?
6.What is the main purpose of the passage?
7.The purpose /The subject of the passage is…
8.A suitable title for the passage might be…
9.The passage could be entitled…
建议：全文的中心大意一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，尤其是要认真阅读文章第一段的起始句和最后一句，再到最后一段找出与之相呼应的句子（一般是第一句）。
四. 推理判断题
此类题主要考查学生的领悟力和理解力，要求对文中关键短语或句子进行推理、判断以及引申其含义。常见问题句型有：
1. It can be inferred / concluded from the passage that __.
2. The passage implies that ______.
3. The author used the example / figure to imply that ___.
4.What does the passage imply about…?
5.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage …?
6.From the passage, we can most safely conclude that…
7.The passage as a whole suggests that…
8.According to the passage, it is likely that…
9.The author implies that…
10.From the passage, we know that…
注意：此题要求的是挖掘出某些短语或句子的引申含义，凡是和原文中说法相同或相近的一般来说不能选，凡是讲得太具体或太细节的也都不能选。判断作者态度时，重点要放在文章的首尾。有时作者属于间接表达其观点，应注意像：It’s generally believed that…; It’s widely assumed that…置于文章开头则很可能引出的不是作者的观点，而是相反的观点。
五. 语气态度题
此类题主要考查学生能否从一篇看似客观的文章中把作者隐藏的情绪、态度以及立场挖掘出来。常见的问题句型有：
1.The author’s attitude towards … is _______.
2.The tone / mood of the passage is _______.
3.Which of the following can best describe the author’s tone / attitude in this passage?
4.The author’s attitude toward…can best be described as
5.The author’s tone in the passage is that…
6.The mood of this passage is…
注意：1作者为了在文章中揭示自己的感情、态度和立场观点，通常是靠词句来实现的。
2 不要把注意力放在所描述的事实上，而应该是作者描述某一事实所使用的语言，即作者所使用的修饰语。
表达态度、看法的词： amused(逗乐的), critical(批判的), positive(肯定的), negative(否定的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), doubtful / suspicious(怀疑的), ironic / sarcastic(讽刺的), indifferent(漠不关心的), optimistic(乐观的), pessimistic(悲观的), sympathetic(同情的)等。
总结：充分利用信号词查找信息，提高阅读速度和解题的正确率
v表示因果关系的信号词 thus, so, as a result, hence, therefore, as a consequence…等。
v表示转折关系的信号词 however, but, although, on the contrary, on the other hand, never the less, still…等。
v表示递进关系的信号词 and, moreover, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, similarly, in addition…等。
v表示目的的信号词 for this purpose, to this end…等
v表示列举的信号词 such as, for example, for instance, that is…等
v表示总结归纳的信号词 in summary, in short, to sum up, in brief, in conclusion…等
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